Las fuentes de la conciencia histórica. ¿Crisis de la historia o de la disciplina?

Abstract

The author analyzes what he calls the "crisis of History" as a worldwide phenomenon, tied to a general crisis among modern societies, caused mainly by the ideological crises of Marxism and Liberalism (with their respective variations) that have led to, among other things, worldwide unemployment: the fall of socialism in Eastern Europe and religious fundamentalism. He suggests four types of history: institutional of official history, the purpose of which is to legitimize the regimes that write it; Counter-History, the history of the "vanquished" that often surfaces from clandestine sources; the memory of societies, the collective oral memory expressed in customs and traditions; and finally, experimental History and the School of Annals, which, beginning 1929, has been trying to replace history as a story with history as a problem, this fourth type of history being the historical science under construction today.